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Base64 Encoder and Decoder in Python — Code Examples

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Base64 encoding converts binary or text data into a 64-character ASCII alphabet so it can be safely transmitted over text-only channels. Here is how to encode and decode Base64 in each language using only the standard library.

Python's standard library includes the base64 module. Use b64encode and b64decode for standard Base64, and urlsafe_b64encode for URL-safe variants.

Also in:JavaScript / Node.jsGoJavaPHPRubyRustC# / .NET
Python 3
import base64

# Encode string to Base64
text = "Hello, world!"
encoded = base64.b64encode(text.encode("utf-8")).decode("utf-8")
print(encoded)  # SGVsbG8sIHdvcmxkIQ==

# Decode Base64 to string
decoded = base64.b64decode("SGVsbG8sIHdvcmxkIQ==").decode("utf-8")
print(decoded)  # Hello, world!

# URL-safe Base64 (for JWTs, URLs)
url_safe = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(text.encode()).decode()
print(url_safe)  # SGVsbG8sIHdvcmxkIQ==
Notes & gotchas
  • b64encode and b64decode operate on bytes, not strings — encode your string to bytes first.
  • Padding characters (=) are required for decoding; add them back if stripped.
  • Use urlsafe_b64encode for tokens and URL parameters.
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Base64 Encoder and Decoder in other languages

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in JavaScript / Node.js

In browsers use btoa() and atob(). In Node.js use Buffer. For Unicode safety in the browser, encode via TextEncoder first.

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in Go

Go's encoding/base64 package provides StdEncoding for standard Base64 and URLEncoding for the URL-safe variant.

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in Java

Java 8+ includes java.util.Base64. Use getEncoder() for standard Base64 and getUrlEncoder() for URL-safe encoding.

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in PHP

PHP has built-in base64_encode() and base64_decode() functions. For URL-safe Base64, replace the non-URL-safe characters after encoding.

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in Ruby

Ruby's standard library includes the base64 module. Use strict_encode64 and strict_decode64 for standard Base64 without line-break insertion.

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in Rust

Rust uses the base64 crate. Use general_purpose::STANDARD for standard Base64 and URL_SAFE_NO_PAD for JWT and URL contexts.

Base64 Encoder and Decoder in C# / .NET

C# provides Convert.ToBase64String and Convert.FromBase64String in the BCL. For URL-safe Base64, replace non-URL-safe characters after encoding.